|
Research Articles
Arginine
Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999
Dec;31(12):1748-54 |
|
Acute amino
acids supplementation enhances pituitary responsiveness in athletes.
di Luigi L, Guidetti L, Pigozzi F, Baldari C, Casini A, Nordio M,
Romanelli F.
Endocrine Research Laboratory, Sports Medicine Unit, University
Institute of Motor Sciences, Rome, Italy.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a
mixture of amino acids on pituitary responsiveness to a stimulation
test (GnRH + CRH) in athletes. METHODS: In a double blinded
counterbalanced experimental protocol, 10 moderately trained male
athletes performed the pituitary stimulation test 60 min after a
single oral administration of a placebo (P1-AS) or an amino acid
mixture solution (AS) (L-arginine hydrochloride 100 mg x kg(-1) + L-ornithine
hydrochloride 80 mg x kg(-1) + L-branched chain amino acids 140 mg x
kg(-1): 50% L-leucine, 25% L-isoleucine, 25% L-valine) on two
different occasions. Plasma ACTH, LH, FSH, GH, and cortisol were
evaluated before (-60, -30, 0 min) and after (+15, +30, +45, +60,
+90 min) the stimulation test. RESULTS: The ACTH, LH and FSH
response to CRH + GnRH was significantly higher in AS group both as
absolute values and area under curve (AUC) values than in P1-AS
group. Pre-test and post-test cortisol AUC levels were significantly
higher in P1-AS group although a higher percent increase in
post-test cortisol was found in AS group. The total GH-AUC was
higher in AS group and, as expected, the absolute GH concentrations
at different time points were not influenced by CRH + GnRH
administration. CONCLUSION: The amino acid mixture used enhanced the
ACTH, LH, and FSH response to CRH + GnRH.
Int J Sport Nutr 1999
Sep;9(3):241-50 |
|
The effect of a carbohydrate--arginine supplement on postexercise
carbohydrate metabolism.
Yaspelkis BB 3rd, Ivy JL.
Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas,
Austin, TX 78712, USA.
The effect of a carbohydrate-arginine supplement on postexercise
muscle glycogen storage was investigated. Twelve well-trained
cyclists rode for 2 hr on two separate occasions to deplete their
muscle glycogen stores. At 0, 1, 2, and 3 hr after each exercise
bout, the subjects ingested either a carbohydrate (CHO) supplement
(1 g carbohydrate/kg body weight) or a carbohydrate-arginine (CHO/AA)
supplement (1 g carbohydrate/kg body mass and 0.08 g arginine-hydrochloride/kg
body weight). No difference in rate of glycogen storage was found
between the CHO/AA and CHO treatments, although significance was
approached. There were also no differences in plasma glucose,
insulin, or blood lactate responses between treatments. Postexercise
carbohydrate oxidation during the CHO/AA treatment was significantly
reduced compared to the CHO treatment. These results suggest that
the addition of arginine to a CHO supplement reduces the rate of CHO
oxidation postexercise and therefore may increase the availability
of glucose for muscle glycogen storage during recovery.
Ann Pharmacother 2001
Jun;35(6):755-64 |
|
L-arginine in the management of cardiovascular diseases.
Cheng JW, Baldwin SN, Balwin SN.
Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 75
DeKalb Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11201-5497, USA. jcheng@liu.edu
OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of L-arginine in the management of
cardiovascular diseases. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966-April
2000) of review articles, using the search terms arginine, nitric
oxide, and cardiovascular diseases, was conducted. After reviewing
these articles, primary studies using the search terms arginine,
hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, ischemic
heart disease, and heart failure were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION:
English-language human studies were selected and evaluated based on
quality of review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Small-scale studies have
demonstrated that intravenous L-arginine augments endothelial
function by enhancing vasodilation and reducing monocyte adhesion.
Oral supplementation demonstrated similar effects as well as
improvement of exercise ability in patients with cardiovascular
diseases. CONCLUSIONS: L-arginine improves the management of
multiple cardiovascular diseases. However, most published human
studies are small. Before therapy can be routinely recommended,
larger, well-designed studies are required to confirm its effect.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
2001 Mar;163(4):887-91 |
|
Short-term oral administration of L-arginine improves
hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with precapillary
pulmonary hypertension.
Nagaya N, Uematsu M, Oya H, Sato N, Sakamaki F, Kyotani S, Ueno
K, Nakanishi N, Yamagishi M, Miyatake K.
Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pharmacy, National
Cardiovascular Center, and Osaka Seamen's Insurance Hospital, Osaka,
Japan.
We sought to assess the effects of oral supplementation of L-arginine,
the precursor of nitric oxide (NO), on hemodynamics and exercise
capacity in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Acute hemodynamic
responses to oral L-arginine (0.5 g/10 kg body weight) or placebo
were examined in 19 patients with primary or precapillary secondary
pulmonary hypertension. Cardiopulmonary exercise tests were
performed to measure peak oxygen consumption (peak V O(2)) and the
ventilatory response to carbon dioxide production (V E-V CO(2)
slope) before and 1 wk after treatment with L-arginine (1.5 g/10 kg
body weight/d) or placebo. Oral supplementation of L-arginine
significantly increased plasma L-citrulline, which indicated
enhancement of NO production. Supplemental L-arginine produced a 9%
decrease in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (53 +/- 4 to 48 +/- 4
mm Hg, p < 0.05) and a 16% decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance
(14.8 +/- 1.5 to 12.4 +/- 1.4 Wood units, p < 0.05). L-arginine
modestly decreased mean systemic arterial pressure (92 +/- 4 to 87
+/- 3 mm Hg, p < 0.05). A 1-wk supplementation of L-arginine
resulted in a slight increase in peak V O(2) (831 +/- 88 to 896 +/-
92 ml/min, p < 0.05) and a significant decrease in the V E- V CO(2)
slope (43 +/- 4 to 37 +/- 3, p < 0.05) without significant systemic
hypotension. Hemodynamics and exercise capacity remained unchanged
during placebo administration. These results suggest that oral
supplementation of L-arginine may have beneficial effects on
hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with precapillary
pulmonary hypertension.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2000 Mar
1;35(3):706-13 |
|
Correction of endothelial dysfunction in chronic heart failure:
additional effects of exercise training and oral L-arginine
supplementation.
Hambrecht R, Hilbrich L, Erbs S, Gielen S, Fiehn E, Schoene N,
Schuler G.
University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Division of Cardiology,
Germany. hamr@server3.medizin.uni-leipzig.de
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze whether L-arginine
(L-arg.) has comparable or additive effects to physical exercise
regarding endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with
chronic heart failure (CHF). BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction in
patients with CHF can be corrected by both dietary supplementation
with L-arg. and regular physical exercise. METHODS: Forty patients
with severe CHF (left ventricular ejection fraction 19 +/- 9%) were
randomized to an L-arg. group (8 g/day), a training group (T) with
daily handgrip training, L-arg. and T (L-arg. + T) or an inactive
control group (C). The mean internal radial artery diameter was
determined at the beginning and after four weeks in response to
brachial arterial administration of acetylcholine (ACh) (7.5, 15, 30
microg/min) and nitroglycerin (0.2 mg/min) with a transcutaneous
high-resolution 10 MHz A-mode echo tracking system coupled with a
Doppler device. The power of the study to detect clinically
significant differences in endothelium-dependent vasodilation was
96.6%. RESULTS: At the beginning, the mean endothelium-dependent
vasodilation in response to ACh, 30 microg/min was 2.54 +/- 0.09% (p
= NS between groups). After four weeks, internal radial artery
diameter increased by 8.8 +/- 0.9% after ACh 30 microg/min in L-arg.
(p < 0.001 vs. C), by 8.6 +/- 0.9% in T (p < 0.001 vs. C) and by
12.0 +/- 0.3% in L-arg. +/- T (p < 0.005 vs. C, L-arg. and T).
Endothelium-independent vasodilation as assessed by infusion of
nitroglycerin was similar in all groups at the beginning and at the
end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary supplementation of L-arg. as
well as regular physical exercise improved agonist-mediated,
endothelium-dependent vasodilation to a similar extent. Both
interventions together seem to produce additive effects with respect
to endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med
Sci 1999 Aug;54(8):M395-9 |
|
Oral arginine does not stimulate basal or augment
exercise-induced GH secretion in either young or old adults.
Marcell TJ, Taaffe DR, Hawkins SA, Tarpenning KM, Pyka G,
Kohlmeier L, Wiswell RA, Marcus R.
Department of Exercise Science, University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, USA. marcellt@grc.nia.nih.gov
BACKGROUND: Growth hormone (GH) helps maintain body composition and
metabolism in adults. However, basal and peak GH decline with age.
Exercise produces a physiologic GH response that is subnormal in
elderly people. Arginine (Arg) infusion can augment GH secretion,
but the efficacy of oral Arg to improve GH response to exercise has
not been explored. We investigated whether oral Arg increases GH
secretion in young and old people at rest and during exercise.
METHODS: Twenty young (Y: 22.1 +/- 0.9 y; SEM) and 8 old (O: 68.5
+/- 2.1 y) male and female subjects underwent three different trials
following determination of their one-repetition maximum strength
(1-RM); exercise only (EO; 3 sets, 8-10 reps at 85% of 1-RM; on 12
separate resistive lifts), Arg only (5.0 g), or Arg + exercise.
Blood samples were collected between successive lifts, and GH (ng x
ml(-1)) was determined via RIA. RESULTS: In Y vs O: Basal GH
secreted (area under the curve) was 543.6 +/- 84.0 vs 211.5 +/-
63.0. During EO, values were 986.6 +/- 156.6 and 517.8 +/- 85.5.
Both were significantly lower in the older individuals (p < .05).
Oral Arg alone did not result in any increase in GH secretion at
rest (310.8 +/- 73.2 vs 262.9 +/- 141.2). When Arg was
coadministered during exercise, GH release was not affected in
either the young or old and appeared to be blunted in the young
compared to the exercise only trial in the young. CONCLUSION: Based
upon these findings, we concluded that oral Arg does not stimulate
GH secretion and may impair GH release during resistive exercise.
Atherosclerosis 1995
Dec;118(2):223-31 |
|
Acute supplementation with the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine
does not improve cardiovascular performance in patients with
hypercholesterolemia.
Wennmalm A, Edlund A, Granstrom EF, Wiklund O.
Department of Clinical Physiology, Goteborg University, Sahlgrenska
University Hospital, Sweden.
Endothelial dysfunction based on lack of nitric oxide (NO) may
contribute to several settings of cardiovascular disorder. Chronic
oral supplementation with the NO precursor L-arginine counteracts
the development of aortic atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed
rabbits, and i.v. infusion of L-arginine may acutely improve
endothelium-dependent coronary epicardial vasodilation in patients
with hypercholesterolemia (HC). To clarify whether excess NO
precursor may also improve general cardiovascular performance in HC,
we measured working capacity indices of myocardial ischemia, and
basal and post-occlusive forearm and skin blood flow in nine
patients with elevated plasma cholesterol (9.1 +/- 0.2 mumol/l)
following random double-blinded administration of L-arginine (16 g
i.v.) or placebo. Infusion of L-arginine raised the plasma
concentration of this amino acid from 85 +/- 12 to 2460 +/- 230
mumol/l but did not change the plasma level of the major NO
metabolite nitrate. Maximal working capacity, indices of myocardial
ischemia, and basal and post-occlusive blood flow in the skin or
forearm did not differ between the treatments. The lack of positive
effect of L-arginine compared to placebo indicates that excess NO
precursor did not improve microvascular endothelial function in the
patients, or alternatively, that the indices measured in the present
study were not dependent on endothelial microvessel function. Thus,
in patients with HC, deficiency of precursor for NO formation does
not seem to impair either maximal exercise capacity myocardial
perfusion during maximal exercise, or maximal vasodilator capacity
in skeletal muscle or skin.
Back to Research Page
|
|