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Research Articles
Andro’s
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J Appl Physiol 2002 Jan;92(1):142-6 |
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Acute hormonal response to sublingual androstenediol intake in
young men.
Brown GA,
Martini ER, Roberts BS, Vukovich MD, King DS.
Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Health and Human
Performance, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
The effectiveness of orally ingested androstenediol in raising serum
testosterone concentrations may be limited because of hepatic
breakdown of the ingested androgens. Because androstenediol
administered sublingually with cyclodextrin bypasses first-pass
hepatic catabolism, we evaluated the acute hormonal response to
sublingual cyclodextrin androstenediol supplement in young men.
Eight men (22.9 +/- 1.2 yr) experienced in strength training
consumed either 20 mg androstenediol in a sublingual cyclodextrin
tablet (Sl Diol) or placebo (Pl) separated by at least 1 wk in a
randomized, double-blind, crossover manner. Blood samples were
collected before supplementation and at 30-min intervals for 3 h
after supplementation. Serum hormone concentrations did not change
with Pl. Serum androstenedione concentrations were increased (P <
0.05) above baseline (11.2 +/- 1.1 nmol/l) with Sl Diol from 60 to
180 min after intake and reached a peak concentration of 25.2 +/-
2.9 nmol/l at 120 min. Serum free testosterone concentrations were
increased from 86.2 +/- 9.1 pmol/l with Sl Diol from 30 to 180 min
and reached a peak concentration of 175.4 +/- 12.2 pmol/l at 60 min.
Serum total testosterone concentrations increased above basal (25.6
+/- 2.3 nmol/l) from 30 to 180 min with Sl Diol and reached a peak
concentration of 47.9 + 2.9 nmol/l at 60 min. Serum estradiol
concentrations were elevated (P < 0.05) above baseline (0.08 +/-
0.01 nmol/l) from 30 to 180 min with Sl Diol and reached 0.14 +/-
0.02 nmol/l at 180 min. These data indicate that sublingual
cyclodextrin androstenediol intake increases serum androstenedione,
free testosterone, total testosterone, and estradiol concentrations.
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Eur J Appl Physiol 2000
Feb;81(3):229-32 |
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In vivo 4-androstene-3,17-dione and 4-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol
supplementation in young men.
Earnest CP, Olson MA, Broeder CE, Breuel KF, Beckham SG.
Imaginutrition/Meta Response Sciences, Aptos, CA 95003, USA. conrad@nusciences.com
To determine if known androgenic hormone precursors for testosterone
in the androgen pathway would be readily transformed to
testosterone, eight male subjects [mean age 23.8 (SEM 3) years,
bodymass 83.1 (SEM 8.7) kg, height 175.6 (SEM 8.5) cm] underwent a
randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled oral
treatment with 200 mg of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (delta 4),
4-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol (delta 4 Diol), and placebo (PL).
The periods of study were separated by 7 days of washout. Blood was
drawn at baseline and subsequently every 30 min for 90 min after
treatment. Analysis revealed mean area-under-the-curve (AUC) serum
delta 4 concentrations to be higher during delta 4 treatment [2177 (SEM
100) nmol.l-1] than delta 4Diol [900 (SEM 96) nmol.l-1] or PL [484 (SEM
82) nmol.l-1; P < 0.0001]. The delta 4 treatment also revealed a
significant effect on total testosterone with a mean AUC [1632.5 (SEM
121) nmol.l-1] that was greater than PL [1418.5 (SEM 131) nmol.l-1;
P < 0.05] but not significantly different from those observed after
delta 4Diol treatment [1602.9 (SEM 119) nmol.l-1; P = 0.77]. Free
testosterone concentrations followed a similar pattern where mean
AUC for the delta 4 treatment [6114.0 (SEM 600) pmol.l-1] was
greater than after PL [4974.6 (SEM 565) pmol.l-1; P < 0.06] but not
significantly different from those observed after delta 4Diol
[5632.0 (SEM 389) pmol.l-1; P = 0.48]. The appearance and apparent
conversion to total and free testosterone over 90 min was stronger
for the delta 4 treatment (r = 0.91, P < 0.045) than for delta 4Diol
treatment (r = 0.69, NS) and negatively correlated for PL (r =
-0.90, P < 0.02). These results would suggest that delta 4, and
perhaps delta 4Diol, taken by month are capable of producing in vivo
increases in testosterone concentrations in apparently healthy young
men as has already been observed in women after treatment with delta
4.
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J Am Coll Nutr 2001
Oct;20(5):520-8 |
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Endocrine and lipid responses to chronic androstenediol-herbal
supplementation in 30 to 58 year old men.
Brown GA, Vukovich MD, Martini ER, Kohut ML, Franke WD, Jackson
DA, King DS.
Department of Health and Hunan Performance, Iowa State University,
Ames 50011, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The effectiveness of an androgenic nutritional supplement
designed to enhance serum testosterone concentrations and prevent
the formation of dihydrotestosterone and estrogen was investigated
in healthy 3 to 58 year old men. DESIGN: Subjects were randomly
assigned to consume a nutritional supplement (AND-HB) containing
300-mg androstenediol, 480-mg saw palmetto, 450-mg
indole-3-carbinol, 300-mg chrysin, 1,500 mg gamma-linolenic acid and
1.350-mg Tribulus terrestris per day (n = 28), or placebo (n = 27)
for 28 days. Subjects were stratified into age groups to represent
the fourth (30 year olds, n = 20), fifth (40 year olds, n = 20) and
sixth (50 year olds, n = 16) decades of life. MEASUREMENTS: Serum
free testosterone, total testosterone, androstenedione,
dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, prostate specific antigen and lipid
concentrations were measured before supplementation and weekly for
four weeks. RESULTS: Basal serum total testosterone, estradiol, and
prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations were not different
between age groups. Basal serum free testosterone concentrations
were higher (p < 0.05) in the 30- (70.5 +/- 3.6 pmol/L) than in the
50 year olds (50.8 +/- 4.5 pmol/L). Basal serum androstenedione and
dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations were significantly higher
in the 30- (for androstenedione and DHT, respectively, 10.4 +/- 0.6
nmol/L and 2198.2 +/- 166.5 pmol/L) than in the 40- (6.8 +/- 0.5
nmol/L and 1736.8 +/- 152.0 pmol/L) or 50 year olds (6.0 +/- 0.7
nmol/L and 1983.7 +/- 147.8 pmol/L). Basal serum hormone
concentrations did not differ between the treatment groups. Serum
concentrations of total testosterone and PSA were unchanged by
supplementation. Ingestion of AND-HB resulted in increased (p <
0.05) serum androstenedione (174%), free testosterone (37%), DHT
(57%) and estradiol (86%) throughout the four weeks. There was no
relationship between the increases in serum free testosterone,
androstenedione, DHT, or estradiol and age (r2 = 0.08, 0.03, 0.05
and 0.02, respectively). Serum HDL-C concentrations were reduced (p
< 0.05) by 0.14 mmol/L in AND-HB. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate
that ingestion of androstenediol combined with herbal products does
not prevent the formation of estradiol and dihydrotestosterone.
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Eur J Appl Physiol 2001
May;84(5):426-31 |
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The effects of supplementation with
19-nor-4-androstene-3,17-dione and 19-nor-4-androstene-3,17-diol on
body composition and athletic performance in previously
weight-trained male athletes.
Van Gammeren D, Falk D, Antonio J.
University of Nebraska, Human Performance Laboratory, Kearney, NE
68849, USA.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 8 weeks of
norsteroid supplementation on body composition and athletic
performance in previously weight-trained males. Subjects were weight
and percent body fat matched and randomly assigned to receive either
100 mg of 19-nor-4-androstene-3,17-dione (N-dione) and 56 mg of
19-nor-4-androstene-3,17-diol (N-diol; 156 mg total norsteroid per
day), or a placebo (a multivitamin). Each subject participated in
resistance training 4 days/week for the duration of the study. Body
composition was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Circumference measures were taken of a relaxed and flexed arm
(maximum circumference of the arm), waist (level of umbilicus), and
thigh (15 cm proximal to the patella). Strength was determined with
a one-repetition maximum bench press, while force and power were
determined with a dumbbell bench press (60% body weight) on a
Stratec Galileo force platform. Profile of mood states scores were
evaluated for vigor and fatigue. There were no significant changes
in any of the parameters measured. In conclusion, low-dose
supplementation with N-dione and N-diol does not appear to alter
body composition, exercise performance, or mood states.
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Arch Intern Med 2000 Nov
13;160(20):3093-104 |
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The Andro Project: physiological and hormonal influences of
androstenedione supplementation in men 35 to 65 years old
participating in a high-intensity resistance training program.
Broeder CE, Quindry J, Brittingham K, Panton L, Thomson J,
Appakondu S, Breuel K, Byrd R, Douglas J, Earnest C, Mitchell C,
Olson M, Roy T, Yarlagadda C.
The Human Performance Lab, East Tennessee State University, Box
70654, Johnson City, TN 37614-0654, USA. broeder@etsu.edu
BACKGROUND: Since the passage of The Dietary Supplement Health and
Education Act in 1994, there has been a flood of new "dietary"
supplements promoting anti-aging benefits such as the enhancement of
growth hormone or testosterone levels. Androstenediol and
androstenedione are such products. This study's purpose was to
elucidate the physiological and hormonal effects of 200 mg/d of oral
androstenediol and androstenedione supplementation in men aged 35 to
65 years while participating in a 12-week high-intensity resistance
training program. METHODS: Fifty men not consuming any
androgenic-enhancing substances and with normal total testosterone
levels, prostate-specific antigen, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, and
with no sign of cardiovascular or metabolic diseases participated.
Subjects were randomly assigned to a placebo, androstenediol (diol),
or androstenedione (dione) group using a double-blind study design.
Main outcomes included serum sex hormone profile, body composition
assessment, muscular strength, and blood lipid profiles. RESULTS:
During the 12 weeks of androstenedione or androstenediol use, a
significant increase in the aromatization by-products estrone and
estradiol was observed in both groups (P =.03). In the dione group,
total testosterone levels significantly increased 16% after 1 month
of use, but by the end of 12 weeks, they returned to pretreatment
levels. This return to baseline levels resulted from increases in
aromatization and down-regulation in endogenous testosterone
synthesis based on the fact that luteinizing hormone was attenuated
18% to 33% during the treatment period. Neither androstenediol nor
androstenedione enhanced the adaptations to resistance training
compared with placebo for body composition or muscular strength.
However, both androstenediol and androstenedione supplementation
adversely affected high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
levels, coronary heart disease risk (representing a 6.5% increase),
and each group's respective (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]/HDL-C)/(apolipoprotein
A/apolipoprotein B) lipid ratio (diol: +5.2%; dione: +10.5%; P
=.05). In contrast, the placebo group's HDL-C levels increased 5.1%,
with a 12.3% decline in the (LDL-C/HDL-C)/(apolipoprotein A/apolipoprotein
B) lipid ratio. These negative and positive lipid effects occurred
despite no significant alterations in body composition or dietary
intakes in the supplemental groups or placebo group, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Testosterone precursors do not enhance adaptations to
resistance training when consumed in dosages recommended by
manufacturers. Testosterone precursor supplementation does result in
significant increases in estrogen-related compounds,
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations, down-regulation in
testosterone synthesis, and unfavorable alterations in blood lipid
and coronary heart disease risk profiles of men aged 35 to 65 years.
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